Definition of T.Pallidum

Treponema pallidum is a Gram-negative bacteria spirochaete. There are at least four well-known subspecies: T. pallidum pallidum, which causes syphilis; pertenue T. pallidum, which causes yaws; carateum T. pallidum, which causes pinta; endemicum and T. pallidum, which causes bejel. T. pallidum pallidum is a motile spirochaete that is usually acquired through close sexual contact, entering the host via violations in record epithelium or columnar epithelium. The organism can be switched to a fetus through transplacental passage during the later stages of pregnancy, the cause of congenital syphilis. The helical structure of T. pallidum pallidum allows for in a corkscrew motion by viscous media, such as mucus. It gains access to the host through blood and lymph tissues and mucous membranes. The subspecies causes yaws, Pinta, and bejel are morphologically and serologically not of T. pallidum pallidum (syphilis), but their transmission is not sexually transmitted diseases in the nature and course of each disease is significantly different. In the 17th July 1998 issue of the journal Science, a group of biologists reported how they sequenced the genomes of T. pallidum. The recent sequencing the genomes of several spirochetes provides a thorough analysis of the similarities and differences within these bacteria strain. Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is one of the smallest genomes of bacteria to 1.14 million base pairs (MB) and has limited metabolic capabilities, their adaptation by genome reduction to the rich environment of mammalian tissue. There is no vaccine against syphilis. The outer membrane of T. pallidum has too little surface proteins for an antibody to be effective. Efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine syphilis have been hampered by the uncertainty about the relative importance of humoral and cellular mechanisms for protective immunity and the fact that T. pallidum outer membrane proteins were not clearly identified.